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Sri Lanka

Srilanka | Political map | Flag

A tropical island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southern tip of India, Sri Lanka has been beguiling travellers since ancient times with its palm-fringed beaches, varied landscapes and historical buildings.
The history of Sri Lanka is closely associated with Buddhism which was introduced to the island in the 3rd century B.C. The arrival of the Sinhalese from India took place in the 6th century BC. Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa were the great cities in the ancient and Middle Ages. In the 14th century, a south Indian ruler invaded Sri Lanka and set up a Tamil kingdom in the northern part. The island became the colonial passion of the Portuguese in the 16th century and by the Dutch in the 17th century. Lastly it came under the rule of British in 1796. As Ceylon, it declared independence from the British rule in 1948. The country adopted the name Sri Lanka in 1972.

For the last two decades Sri Lanka has been scarred by the ethnic conflict between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil separatists. Tens of thousands have lost their lives in the bitter civil war. Though ceasefire between the government and Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) was signed in 2002, violence is the regular occurrence.

Travel overview
Often referred to as the Pearl of the Orient, Sri Lanka is good enough for Wordsworth. Beautiful beaches, tropical rainforests, exotic wildlife and archeological sites are what make the island a compelling destination.

The ancient sites of Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Sigiriya, Dambulla and Panduwasnuwara offer a wealth of historical and spiritual sights to explore while Colombo is the capital city retaining its colonial charm.

Galle is known for the Dutch fort. Other prime tourist attractions in Sri Lanka include the 5th century Aukana Buddha, the Buddhist site of Dimbulagala. The highlands known for tea plantations offer opportunities for trekking and bird-watching.

Capital: Colombo
Location: Southern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean
Climate: tropical monsoon,
Total Area: 65,610 sq km
Total Population: 20,926,315
Population Growth Rate: 0.982%
Sex Ratio: 0.971 male(s)/female
Literacy: 90.7%
Ethnic Groups: Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Moors, Indian Tamil, Sri Lankan Tamil
Irrigated land: 7,430 sq km
Languages: Sinhala, Tamil,
Time Zone: UTC+5.5
Currency: LKR
Type of govt.: republic
Head of Govt.: President Mahinda Rajapaksa
Major Political Parties: All Ceylon Tamil Congress or ACTC , Ceylon Workers Congress or CWC , Communist Party or CP , Democratic United National (Lalith) Front or DUNLF , Eelam People's Democratic Party or EPDP , Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front or EPRLF , Janatha Vimukthi Perumuna or JVP ,Lanka Sama Samaja Party or LSSP , Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (People's United Front) or MEP , National Heritage Party or JHU , National Unity Alliance or NUA ,People's Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam or PLOTE , Sri Lanka Freedom Party or SLFP , Sri Lanka Muslim Congress or SLMC , Sri Lanka Progressive Front or SLPF , Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization or TELO , Tamil National Alliance or TNA , Tamil United Liberation Front or TULF , United National Party or UNP , Up-country People's Front or UPF
Participation in International Organizations: AsDB, FAO, G-15, BIMSTEC, C, CP, G-24, G-77, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, Interpol, IOC, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNWTO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WTO
Major Agricultural Products: rice, oilseed, spices, tea, sugarcane, grains, pulses, rubber, coconuts, milk, beef, eggs, hides, fish
Natural Resources & Minerals: limestone, gems, phosphates, graphite, mineral sands, clay, hydropower.
Industry & Transport: processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, tobacco and other agricultural commodities, telecommunications, banking, insurance, clothing, textiles, cement, petroleum refining
Airports: 16
Railways: 1,449 km
Roadways: 97,287 km
Waterways: 160 km
Major Trade Partners: US, UK, India, Germany, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, Iran, Malaysia, Japan
Exports: $7.076 billion
Imports: $9.655 billion

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