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Iran

Iran | Iran Map | Whre is Iran? | Iran Flag

One of the oldest surviving civilizations in the world, Iran was referred to as Persia until 1935. Persia’s claim to fame lies in that it was one of the most powerful and greatest empires in ancient world. It is also known for maintaining a distinct culture. Added to this, Shia form of Islam has been the dominant feature in the country.

In 1979, monarchy was overthrown and the Iranian Revolution led by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini established a theocratic Islamic Republic in the country. These days strained Iranian-US relation is a hot topic. The souring of relations between these two countries traces back to when the US embassy in the capital city of Tehran was seized by a group of Iranian students in 1979. In 2002 Iran has been declared by the US part of an "axis of evil".

The country also entered into an eight-year war with Iraq in 1980 that lasted till 1988. As a spillover of this war there were clashes between Iranian forces and US between 1987 and 1988. The US sanctions on the country results in the heightened tensions at regular intervals.

The political scenario has undergone a change since the election of reformist Hojjat ol-Eslam Mohammad Khatami as president in 1997 and subsequent reformation of parliament, called Majles in the country in 2000. The victory of the liberals in parliamentary elections in 2000 has led to political and social transformation of Iran.

Travel overview
Home to one of the world’s great civilizations, Iran has long captivated tourists with its ancient places and medieval architecture. But these are not only the things that make the country an enticing destination. In fact its varied landscape from high mountains to barren desert has been beguiling tourists for a long time.

The pleasures of Iran are ancient and medieval: historical monuments and mosques - some in a state of ruins. Tehran, the capital of Iran, is a fascinating place retaining the medieval charm. Shahid Motahari Mosque is the main place of interest in the capital.

The medieval cities of Tabriz, Esfahan, Shiraz, Kerman and Hamadan are places of attractions in Iran. Esfahan, known for its Masjid-e Jomeh, has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Tabriz’s claim to fame is Blue Mosque. Persepolis Heritage Site, the Ceremonial Seat of Darius, Changha Zanbil, a UNESCO designated archaeological site, Ali Sadr Caves, Kuh-e- Khajeh Mountain, and Mil-e-Gonbad Tower are the places of attractions in Iran

For adventurous tourists activities like trekking, skiing, hiking and mountain climbing are abundant in the country.

Capital: Tehran
Location: Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan
Climate: mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast
Total Area: 1.648 million sq km
Total Population: 65,397,521
Population Growth Rate: 0.663%
Sex Ratio: 1.026 male(s)/female
Literacy: 77%
Ethnic Groups: Persian , Azeri , Gilaki, Mazandarani , Kurd , Arab , Lur , Baloch , Turkmen
Irrigated land: 76,500 sq km
Languages: Persian, Turkic, Kurdish, Luri , Balochi , Arabic
Time Zone: UTC+3.5
Currency: Iranian Rial (IRR)
Neighbouring countries: Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35 km, Azerbaijan-proper 432 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 179 km, Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 km.
Strategic Advantage:
Type of govt.: theocratic republic
Head of Govt.: President Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD
Major Political Parties: political parties are still in the nascent stage of development in Iran. Islamic Iran Participation Front (IIPF), Executives of Construction Party (Kargozaran), Solidarity Party, Islamic Labor Party, Mardom Salari, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization (MIRO), and Militant Clerics Society
Participation in International Organizations: G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ABEDA, CP, ECO, FAO, G-15, ICAO, ICC, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IHO, ILO, IOC, IOM, IPU, IMF, IMO, Interpol, ISO, ITU, MIGA, OPEC, PCA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, WFTU, WHO, WTO, WIPO, WMO,
Major Agricultural Products: wheat, rice, sugar beets, cotton, dairy products, fruits, nuts, wool, caviar
Natural Resources & Minerals: petroleum, natural gas, copper, iron ore, coal, chromium, lead, manganese, sulfur, zinc
Industry & Transport: petroleum, petrochemicals, caustic soda, fertilizers, textiles, cement, food processing, ferrous and non-ferrous metal fabrication, armaments
Airports: 321
Railways: 7,256 km
Roadways: 179,388 km
Waterways: 850 km
Major Trade Partners: Japan, China, Italy, South Korea, Turkey, Netherlands, France, South Africa, Taiwan, Germany, UAE, Russia
Exports: $63.18 billion
Imports: $45.48 billion

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